Effect of boron and manganese on hot crack resistance and toughness for flux cored arc weldments of 550 MPa grade tensile strength

Abstract

The hot crack resistance and mechanical properties of flux cored arc (FCA) welds were investigated with three kinds of welding consumables having different boron (B) and manganese (Mn) contents for high-strength carbon steel. The hot crack resistance measured from self-restraint testing strongly depended on the amount of B in the welding consumable. Welding consumables with higher B content resulted in longer total crack length and an increased number of cracks. Boron was intensely detected near the grain boundary of the weld centerline by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis and precipitated with boron carbide (Fe₂₃(C,B)₆), as analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This promoted hot crack propagation in the high-strength carbon steel welds. However, removing B from the welding consumable decreased the low-temperature toughness for root and face weld metal due to the growth of Ferrite Side Plate (FSP) in comparison with welding consumables having more B or Mn content. The addition of Mn in the weld metal suppressed the formation of FSP and increased the low-temperature toughness. Therefore, the minimization of B and the supplement of Mn successfully achieved hot crack resistance and low-temperature toughness for high-strength carbon steel welds of 550 MPa tensile strength.